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Landscape Plants Rated by Deer Resistance

Credits | Download PDF Version

The following is a list of landscape plants rated according to their resistance to deer damage. The list was compiled with input from nursery and landscape professionals, Rutgers New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station (NJAES) Cooperative Extension personnel, and Master Gardeners in Northern N.J.

Realizing that no plant is deer proof, plants in the Rarely Damaged, and Seldom Severely Damaged categories would be best for landscapes prone to deer damage. Plants Occasionally Severely Damaged and Frequently Severely Damaged are often preferred by deer and should only be planted with additional protection such as the use of fencing, repellents, etc. Success of any of these plants in the landscape will depend on local deer populations and weather conditions.

KEY:

A = Rarely Damaged
B = Seldom Severely Damaged
C = Occasionally Severely Damaged
D = Frequently Severely Damaged

All Ratings - All Types
Common Name	Latin Name	Type	Rating
African Lily	Agapanthus sp.	Perennials	B
Ageratum	Ageratum houstonianum	Annuals	A
Allegheny Serviceberry	Amelanchier laevis	Trees	B
Allegheny Spurge	Pachysandra procumbens	Groundcovers	A
Alternate-Leaved Dogwood	Cornus alternifolia	Trees	C
American Arborvitae	Thuja occidentalis	Trees	D
American Bittersweet	Celastrus scandens	Vines	B
American Holly	Ilex opaca	Trees	A
Angel's Trumpet	Brugmansia sp. (Datura)	Annuals	A
Anise	Pimpinalla anisum	Annuals	A
Anise Hyssop	Agastache sp.	Perennials	A
Annual Vinca	Catharanthus rosea	Annuals	A
Anthony Waterer Spirea	Spiraea x bumalda	Shrubs	B
Apples	Malus sp.	Trees	C
Armstrong Juniper	Juniperus chinensis 'Armstrongii'	Shrubs	B
Arrowwood Viburnum	Viburnum dentatum	Shrubs	A
Asparagus	Asparagus officinalis	Perennials	B
Aster	Aster sp.	Perennials	B
Astilbe	Astilbe sp.	Perennials	B
Atlantic White Cedar	Chamaecyparis thyoides	Trees	C
Atlas Cedar	Cedrus atlantica	Trees	C
Austrian Pine	Pinus nigra	Trees	B
Autumn Crocus	Colchicum sp.	Bulbs	A
Autumn Olive	Elaeagnus umbellatus	Shrubs	B
Baby's Breath	Gypsophila sp.	Perennials	B
Bachelor's Buttons	Centaurea cyanus	Annuals	B
Bald Cypress	Taxodium distichum	Trees	C
Balloon Flower	Platycodon grandiflorus	Perennials	C
Balsam Fir	Abies balsamea	Trees	C
Balsam, Touch-Me-Not	Impatiens balsamina	Annuals	C
Bamboo	Bambusa sp.	Ornamental Grasses	B
Barberry	Berberis sp.	Shrubs	A
Barrenwort	Epimedium sp.	Groundcovers	A
Basil	Ocimum basilicum	Annuals	B
Basket of Gold	Aurinia saxatilis	Perennials	A
Basswood	Tilia americana	Trees	C
Bayberry	Myrica pensylvanica	Shrubs	A
Bearberry	Arctostaphylos uva-ursi	Groundcovers	A
Bearberry Cotoneaster	Cotoneaster dammeri	Shrubs	B
Beautyberry	Callicarpa sp.	Shrubs	B
Beautybush	Kolkwitzia amabilis	Shrubs	B
Beebalm	Monarda didyma	Perennials	B
Bellflower	Campanula glomerata	Perennials	C
Big Bluestem	Andropogon sp.	Ornamental Grasses	A
Bigleaf Goldenray	Ligularia dentata	Perennials	A
Bigleaf Hydrangea	Hydrangea macrophylla	Shrubs	C
Bishop's Weed	Aegopodium podagaria	Groundcovers	A
Black Locust	Robinia pseudoacia	Trees	C
Black-Eyed Susan	Rudbeckia sp.	Perennials	B
Blackhaw Viburnum	Viburnum prunifolium	Shrubs	B
Blanket Flower	Gaillardia sp.	Perennials	C
Blazing Star	Liatris sp.	Perennials	B
Bleeding Heart	Dicentra spectabilis	Perennials	A
Bloodtwig Dogwood	Cornus sanguinea	Shrubs	C
Blue Fescue	Festuca glauca	Ornamental Grasses	A
Blue Holly	Ilex x meserveae	Shrubs	C
Blue Mist Shrub	Caryopteris clandonensis	Shrubs	A
Blue Oat Grass	Helictotrichon sempervirens	Ornamental Grasses	A
Blue Star Juniper	Juniperus squamata 'Blue Star'	Shrubs	B
Bluebell	Endymion sp.	Bulbs	A
Blueberry Elder, Sweet Elder	Sambucus canadensis	Shrubs	B
Bog Rosemary	Andromeda polifolia	Shrubs	B
Borage	Borage officinalis	Annuals	B
Bottlebrush Buckeye	Aesculus parviflora	Trees	A
Bottlebrush Grass	Hystrix patula	Ornamental Grasses	B
Brambles	Rubus sp.	Shrubs	B
Bridalwreath Spirea	Spiraea prunifolia	Shrubs	B
Broom	Cytisus sp.	Shrubs	A
Buckthorn	Rhammus sp.	Shrubs	B
Bugleweed	Ajuga reptans	Groundcovers	A
Bugloss	Anchusa sp.	Perennials	B
Bush Cinquefoil	Potentilla fruticosa	Shrubs	A
Butter & Eggs	Linaria vulgaris	Perennials	A
Buttercup	Ranunculus sp.	Perennials	A
Butterfly Bush	Buddleia sp.	Shrubs	A
Butterfly Weed	Asclepias tuberosa	Perennials	B
Cactus	Cactaceae sp.	Perennials	A
Caladium	Caladium sp.	Bulbs	C
California Poppy	Eschscholzia californica	Annuals	B
California Sweetshrub	Calycanthus occidentalis	Shrubs	B
Calla Lily	Zantedeschia sp.	Bulbs	B
Callery Pear	Pyrus calleryana	Trees	C
Camassia	Camassia leichtlini	Bulbs	B
Candy Lily	Pardancanda x norrisii	Perennials	D
Candytuft	Iberis sempervirens	Perennials	B
Candytuft	Iberis umbellata	Annuals	B
Canna Lily	Canna sp.	Bulbs	B
Canterbury Bells	Campanula medium	Biennials	C
Cardinal Flower	Lobelia sp.	Perennials	B
Carnation, Pinks	Dianthus sp.	Perennials	B
Carolina Hemlock	Tsuga caroliniana	Trees	C
Carolina Rhododendron	Rhododendron carolinianum	Shrubs	C
Carolina Silverbell	Halesia carolina	Shrubs	B
Catawba Rhododendron	Rhododendron catawbiense	Shrubs	C
Catmint	Nepeta sp.	Perennials	A
Checkermallow	Sidalcia malviflora	Perennials	C
Cherries (1)	Prunus sp.	Trees	D
Cherry Laurel	Prunus laurocerasus	Shrubs	B
Chestnut Oak	Quercus prinus	Trees	C
Chinese Fringe Tree	Chionanthus retusus	Trees	B
Chinese Holly	Ilex cornuta	Shrubs	B
Chinese Juniper (1)	Juniperus chinensis cv.	Shrubs	B
Chinese Lilac	Syringa x chinesis	Shrubs	C
Chinese Paper Birch	Betula albo-sinensis	Trees	B
Christmas Fern	Polystichum arcostichoides	Ferns	A
Cinnamon Fern	Osmunda cinnamomea	Ferns	A
Clematis	Clematis sp.	Vines	C
Climbing Hydrangea	Hydrangea anomala petiolaris	Vines	C
Clump Bamboo	Fargesia sp.	Ornamental Grasses	A
Coast Leucothoe	Leucothoe axillaris	Shrubs	B
Cock's Comb	Celosia sp.	Annuals	B
Coleus	Coleus sp.	Annuals	C
Colorado Blue Spruce	Picea pungens	Trees	B
Columbine	Aquilegia sp.	Perennials	B
Comfrey	Symphytum officinale	Perennials	C
Common Boxwood	Buxus sempervirens	Shrubs	A
Common Flowering Quince	Chaenomeles speciosa	Trees	B
Common Foxglove	Digitalis purpurea	Biennials	A
Common Horsechestnut	Aesculus hippocastanum	Trees	C
Common Lilac	Syringa vulgaris	Shrubs	B
Common Pear	Pyrus communis	Trees	C
Common Sassafras	Sassafras albidurn	Trees	B
Common Sweetshrub	Calycanthus floridus	Shrubs	B
Common Tansy	Tanacetum vulgare	Perennials	A
Common Witchhazel	Hamamelis virginiana	Shrubs	B
Common Yarrow	Achillea millefolium	Perennials	B
Coralbells	Heuchera sp.	Perennials	B
Coralberry	Symphoricarpos x chenaultii	Shrubs	B
Corkscrew Willow	Salix matsudana tortuosa	Trees	B
Cornelian Cherry	Cornus mas	Trees	C
Corydalis	Corydalis sp.	Perennials	A
Cosmos	Cosmos sp.	Annuals	C
Cranberry Bush	Viburnum opulus	Shrubs	B
Cranberry Cotoneaster	Cotoneaster apiculatus	Shrubs	B
Crape Myrtle	Lagerstroemia indica	Shrubs	B
Creeping Juniper (1)	Juniperus horizontalis cv.	Shrubs	B
Creeping Wintergreen	Gaultheria procumbens	Groundcovers	B
Crocosmia	Croscosmia sp.	Perennials	B
Crocus	Crocus sp.	Bulbs	B
Crown Imperial, Fritilia	Fritilaria imperialis	Bulbs	A
Currant	Ribes sp.	Shrubs	B
Cyclamen	Cyclamen sp.	Perennials	B
Daffodil	Narcissus sp.	Bulbs	A
Dahlia	Dahlia sp.	Annuals	C
Dame's Rocket	Hesperis matronalis	Perennials	A
Daphne	Daphne sp.	Shrubs	A
Dawn Redwood	Metasequoia glyptostroboides	Trees	B
Daylily	Hemerocallis sp.	Perennials	C
Deciduous Azaleas (1)	Rhododendron sp.	Shrubs	C
Delphinium	Delphinium sp.	Perennials	B
Deutzia	Deutzia sp.	Shrubs	B
Devil's Walking Stick	Aralia spinosa	Shrubs	A
Dill	Anethumus graveolens	Annuals	B
Doublefile Viburnum	Viburnum plicatum tomentosurn	Shrubs	B
Douglas Fir	Pseudotsuga menziesii	Trees	B
Downy Serviceberry	Amelanchier arborea	Trees	B
Dragon Lady, San Jose Holly	Ilex x aquipernyi	Trees	B
Drooping Leucothoe	Leucothoe fontanesiana	Shrubs	A
Drooping Sedge	Carex pendula	Ornamental Grasses	B
Dusty Miller	Centaurea cineraria	Annuals	A
Dwarf Alberta Spruce	Picea glauca 'Conica'	Trees	A
Dwarf Balsam Fir	Abies balsamea	Shrubs	B
Dwarf Mondo Grass	Ophiopogon japonicus	Ornamental Grasses	B
Eastern Hemlock	Tsuga canadensis	Trees	C
Eastern Red Cedar	Juniperus virginiana	Trees	B
Eastern Redbud	Cercis canadensis	Trees	C
Eastern White Pine	Pinus strobus	Trees	B
Elephant Ear	Colocasia esculenta	Bulbs	B
English Daisy	Bellis perennis	Perennials	C
English Hawthorn	Crataegus laevigata	Trees	B
English Holly	Ilex aquifolium	Shrubs	B
English Ivy	Hedera helix	Vines	C
English Ivy	Hedera helix	Groundcovers	C
European Ash	Fraxinus excelsior	Trees	B
European Beech	Fagus sylvatica	Trees	B
European Ginger	Asarum europaeum	Perennials	A
European Larch	Larix decidua	Trees	C
European Mountain Ash	Sorbus aucuparia	Trees	D
European White Birch	Betula pendula	Trees	B
Evergreen Azaleas (1)	Rhododendron sp.	Shrubs	D
Fall Mums	Chrysanthemum	Perennials	C
False Camomile	Matricaria sp.	Annuals	A
False Indigo	Baptisia australis	Perennials	A
Feather Reed Grass	Calamagrostis sp.	Ornamental Grasses	A
Feverfew	Chrysanthemum parthenium	Perennials	B
Firethorn	Pyracantha coccinea	Shrubs	B
Fleabane	Erigeron sp.	Perennials	C
Flowering Dogwood	Cornus florida	Trees	C
Flowering Tobacco	Nicotiana sp.	Annuals	A
Foam Flower	Tiarella cordifolia	Perennials	B
Forget-Me-Not	Myosotis alpestris	Biennials	B
Forget-Me-Not	Myosotis sp.	Perennials	A
Forget-Me-Not	Myosotis sylvatica	Annuals	A
Forsythia	Forsythia x intermedia	Shrubs	B
Fothergillia	Fothergila sp.	Shrubs	B
Fountain Grass	Pennisetum alopecuroides	Ornamental Grasses	A
Fragrant Sumac	Rhus aromatica	Shrubs	A
Fragrant Winterhazel	Corylopsis glabrescens	Shrubs	C
Fraser Fir	Abies fraseri	Trees	C
French Marigold	Tagetes patula	Annuals	B
Fringed Bleeding Heart	Dicentra eximia	Perennials	A
Garden Lily	Lilium sp.	Bulbs	C
Garden Petunia	Petunia sp.	Annuals	C
Garden Sage	Salvia officinalis	Perennials	A
Gas Plant	Dictamus alba	Perennials	B
Geranium	Pelargonium sp.	Annuals	C
Gerbera Daisy	Gerbera jamesonii	Annuals	C
Germander	Teucrium chamaedrys	Perennials	A
Geum, Avens	Geum sp.	Perennials	C
Giant Japanese Silver Grass	Miscanthus floridulis	Ornamental Grasses	A
Giant Reed	Arundo donax	Ornamental Grasses	A
Gladiolus	Gladiolus sp.	Bulbs	B
Globeflower	Trollius sp.	Perennials	C
Glory Lily	Gloriosa superba	Bulbs	B
Glossy Abelia	Abelia sp.	Shrubs	B
Goat's Beard	Aruncus sp.	Perennials	C
Golden Bamboo	Phyllostachys aurea	Ornamental Grasses	A
Goldenrain Tree	Koelreuteria paniculata	Trees	B
Goldenrod	Solidago sp.	Perennials	B
Goldflame Honeysuckle	Lonicera x heckrottii	Vines	C
Goldust Plant	Aucuba japonica	Shrubs	B
Gooseneck Loosestrife	Lysimachia clethroides	Perennials	C
Grape Hyacinth	Muscari sp.	Bulbs	B
Greek Jerusalem Sage	Phlomis sp.	Perennials	A
Green Ash	Fraximus pennsylvanica	Trees	B
Greenspire Littleleaf Linden	Tilia cordata 'Greenspire'	Trees	C
Hakonechloa	Hakonechloa macra	Ornamental Grasses	A
Hard Rush	Juncus effusus	Ornamental Grasses	A
Hardy Begonia	Begonia grandis	Perennials	C
Hardy Geranium	Geranium clarkei	Perennials	C
Hardy Geranium	Geranium endressii	Perennials	D
Hardy Geranium	Geranium macrorrhizum	Perennials	B
Hardy Geranium	Geranium sanguineum	Perennials	C
Hardy Geranium	Geranium x cantabrigiense	Perennials	C
Harlequin Glorybower	Clerodendrum fargesii	Shrubs	B
Hayscented Fern	Dennstaedtia punctilobula	Ferns	A
Hazelnut	Corylus sp.	Shrubs	B
Heartleaf Bergenia	Bergenia sp.	Perennials	B
Heath	Erica sp.	Shrubs	A
Heather	Calliuna sp.	Shrubs	A
Heavenly Bamboo	Nandina sp.	Shrubs	C
Heliotrope	Heliotropium arborescens	Annuals	A
Hens and Chickens	Sempervivum sp.	Perennials	B
Highbush Blueberry	Vaccinum corymbosum	Shrubs	C
Himalayan Birch	Betula jacquemontii	Trees	B
Hinoki Cypress	Chamaecyparis obtusa	Trees	C
Holly Fern	Cyrtomium falcatum	Ferns	A
Holly Osmanthus	Osmanthus heterophyllus	Shrubs	B
Hollyhock	Alcea sp.	Perennials	C
Honey Locust	Gleditsia triacanthos	Trees	B
Horehound	Marrubium vulgare	Perennials	A
Horseradish	Armoracia rusticana	Perennials	A
Hosta	Hosta sp.	Perennials	D
Hyacinth	Hyacinthus sp.	Bulbs	B
Hybrid Tea Rose	Rosa x hybrid	Shrubs	C
Hyssop	Hyssopus officinalis	Perennials	A
Impatiens	Impatiens walleriana	Annuals	C
Indian Grass	Sorghastrum nutans	Ornamental Grasses	A
Inkberry	Ilex glabra	Shrubs	B
Iris (2)	Iris sp.	Perennials	A
Jack-in-the-pulpit	Arisaema triphylum	Perennials	A
Jacob's Ladder	Polemonium caeruleum	Perennials	B
Japanese Anemone	Anemone x hybrida	Perennials	B
Japanese Black Pine	Pinus thunbergiana	Trees	A
Japanese Blood Grass	Imperata cylindrica	Ornamental Grasses	A
Japanese Cedar	Cryptomeria japonica	Trees	B
Japanese Euonymus	Euonymus japonica	Shrubs	C
Japanese Falsecypress	Chamaecyparis pisifera	Trees	B
Japanese Flowering Cherry	Prunus serrulata	Trees	B
Japanese Flowering Quince	Chaenomeles japonica	Shrubs	B
Japanese Garden Juniper	Juniperus procumbens 'Nana'	Shrubs	B
Japanese Holly	Ilex crenata	Shrubs	C
Japanese Kerria	Kerria japonica	Shrubs	B
Japanese Maple	Acer palmatum	Trees	B
Japanese Painted Fern	Athyrium goeringianum (nipponicum)	Ferns	A
Japanese Pieris, Andromeda	Pieris japonica	Shrubs	A
Japanese Plum Yew	Cephalotaxus harringtonia	Shrubs	A
Japanese Red Pine	Pinus densiflora	Trees	B
Japanese Sedge	Carex sp.	Ornamental Grasses	A
Japanese Silver Grass	Miscanthus sinensis	Ornamental Grasses	A
Japanese Skimmia	Skimmia japonica	Shrubs	A
Japanese Spirea	Spiraea japonica	Shrubs	B
Japanese Sweet Flag	Acorus sp.	Ornamental Grasses	A
Japanese Tree Lilac	Syringa reticulata	Shrubs	B
John T. Morris Holly	Ilex x 'John T. Morris'	Shrubs	A
Judd Viburnum	Viburnum x juddii	Shrubs	B
Katsura Tree	Cercidiphyllum japonicum	Trees	A
Koreanspice Viburnum	Viburnum carlesii	Shrubs	B
Kousa Dogwood	Cornus kousa	Trees	B
Ladys' Mantle	Alchemilla sp.	Perennials	B
Lamb's Ear	Stachys byzantina	Perennials	A
Lance Coreopsis	Coreopsis lanceolata	Perennials	B
Lantana	Lantana sp.	Annuals	B
Large Blue June Grass	Koeleria glauca	Ornamental Grasses	A
Large Periwinkle	Vinca major	Groundcovers	B
Larkspur	Consolida ambigua	Annuals	A
Late Lilac	Syringa villosa	Shrubs	C
Lavendar	Lavandula sp.	Perennials	A
Lavender-Cotton	Santolina chamaecyparissus	Perennials	A
Leatherleaf Mahonia	Mahonia bealei	Shrubs	A
Leatherleaf Viburnum	Viburnum rhytidophyllum	Shrubs	B
Lemon Balm	Melissa officinalis	Perennials	A
Lenten or Christmas Rose	Helleborus sp.	Perennials	A
Leyland Cypress	Cupressocyparis leyandii	Trees	C
Lily of the Valley	Convallaria majalis	Groundcovers	A
Lilyturf	Liriope sp.	Groundcovers	B
Little Bluestem	Schizachyrium scoparium	Ornamental Grasses	A
Lobelia	Lobelia sp.	Annuals	B
Lungwort	Pulmonaria sp.	Perennials	A
Lupine	Lupinus sp.	Perennials	B
Lydia Morris Holly	Ilex x 'Lydia Morris'	Shrubs	A
Lyme Grass	Leymus arenarius glaucous	Ornamental Grasses	A
Maltese Cross	Lychnis chalcedonica	Perennials	B
Marjoram	Majorana	Perennials	A
May Apple	Podophyllum	Perennials	A
Meadow Rue	Thalictrum sp.	Perennials	A
Meadow Sage	Salvia nemorosa	Perennials	B
Meadowsweet	Filipendula sp.	Perennials	C
Mimosa	Albizia julibrissin	Trees	A
Mint	Mentha sp.	Perennials	A
Mist Flower	Eupatorium coelestinurn	Perennials	B
Money Plant	Lunaria annua	Biennials	B
Monkshood	Aconitum sp.	Perennials	A
Moonglow Juniper	Juniperus scopulorum 'Moonglow'	Shrubs	A
Morning Glory	Ipomea sp.	Annuals	C
Mountain Bluet	Centaurea montana	Perennials	C
Mountain Juniper (1)	Juniperus scopulorum cv.	Shrubs	B
Mountain Laurel	Kalmia latifolia	Shrubs	C
Mountain Pieris	Pieris floribunda	Shrubs	A
Mugo Pine	Pinus mugo	Shrubs	B
Mullein	Verbascum sp.	Perennials	B
Multiflora Rose	Rosa multiflora	Shrubs	C
Nasturtium	Tropaeolum majus	Annuals	B
Nellie Stevens Holly	Ilex x 'Nellie R. Stevens'	Trees	C
New York Fern	Thelyptens noveboracensis	Ferns	A
Northern Red Oak	Quercus rubra	Trees	C
Northern Sea Oats	Chasmanthium latifolium	Ornamental Grasses	A
Norway Maple	Acer platanoides	Trees	C
Norway Spruce	Picea abies	Trees	B
Oakleaf Hydrangea	Hydrangea quercifolia	Shrubs	C
Obedient Plant	Physostegia sp.	Perennials	B
Oregano	Oreganum sp.	Perennials	A
Oregon Grape Holly	Mahonia aquifolium	Shrubs	A
Oriental Fountain Grass	Pennisetum orientale	Ornamental Grasses	A
Oriental Poppy	Papaver orientale	Perennials	B
Ornamental Onion	Allium sp.	Perennials	A
Ornamental Onion	Allium sp.	Bulbs	A
Ostrich Fern	Matteuccia struthiopteris	Ferns	A
Pachysandra	Pachysandra terminalis	Groundcovers	A
Pampus Grass	Cortaderia selloana	Ornamental Grasses	A
Panicle Hydrangea	Hydrangea paniculata	Shrubs	C
Panicled Dogwood	Cornus racemosa	Shrubs	C
Pansy	Viola sp.	Annuals	C
Paper Birch	Betula papyrifera	Trees	A
Paperbark Maple	Acer griseurn	Trees	B
Parsley	Petroselinum crispum	Annuals	B
Patrinia	Patrinia scabiosifolia	Perennials	B
Pawpaw	Asimina triloba	Trees	A
Penstemon	Penstemon sp.	Perennials	C
Peony (2)	Paeonia sp.	Perennials	A
Periwinkle	Vinca minor	Groundcovers	B
Pernyi Holly	Ilex pernyi	Trees	C
Persian Lilac	Syringa x persica	Shrubs	C
Pfitzer Juniper	Juniperus chinensis 'Pfitzerana'	Shrubs	B
Phlox	Phlox sp.	Perennials	C
Pincushin Flower	Scabiosa caucasica	Perennials	B
Pink Turtlehead	Chelone sp.	Perennials	C
Pinxterbloom Azalea	Rhododendron penclymenoides	Shrubs	D
Pitch Pine	Pinus rigida	Trees	A
Plumbago	Ceratostigma plumbaginoides	Groundcovers	B
Plume Poppy	Macleaya cordata	Perennials	B
Plums	Prunus sp.	Trees	D
Poppy	Papaver sp.	Annuals	A
Pot Marigold	Calendula sp.	Annuals	A
Potentilla, Cinquefoil	Potentilla sp.	Perennials	A
Primrose	Primula sp.	Perennials	B
Prince of Wales Juniper	Juniperus horizontalis 'Prince of Wales'	Shrubs	A
Privet	Ligustrurn sp.	Shrubs	B
Purple Coneflower	Echinacea purpurea	Perennials	B
Purple Leaf Sand Cherry	Prunus x cistena	Shrubs	C
Purple Loosestrife	Lythrum sp.	Perennials	C
Purple Moor Grass	Molinia caerulea	Ornamental Grasses	A
Purple Rock-Cress	Aubretia deltoidea	Perennials	A
Pyrenees Cotoneaster	Cotoneaster congestus	Shrubs	B
Ravenna Grass	Erianthus ravennae	Ornamental Grasses	A
Red Chokeberry	Aronia arbutifolia	Shrubs	B
Red Elderberry	Sambucus racemosa	Shrubs	A
Red Maple	Acer rubrum	Trees	B
Red Osier Dogwood	Cornus sericea	Shrubs	B
Red Pine	Pinus resinosa	Trees	A
Red Twigged Dogwood	Cornus alba	Shrubs	B
Red-Hot Poker	Kniphofia tritoma	Perennials	B
Redvein Enkianthus	Enkianthus campanulatus	Shrubs	B
Rhododendrons (1)	Rhododendron sp.	Shrubs	D
Rhubarb	Rheum rhabarbarum	Perennials	B
Ribbon Grass	Phalaris arundinaceae	Ornamental Grasses	B
River Birch	Betula nigra	Trees	A
Rock-Cress	Arabis caucasica	Perennials	A
Rocket Ligularia	Ligularia 'The Rocket'	Perennials	A
Rockspray Cotoneaster	Cotoneaster horizontalis	Shrubs	B
Rodgers Flower	Rodgersia sp.	Perennials	A
Rose Campion	Lychnis coronaria	Perennials	A
Rose Mallow	Hibiscus moscheutos	Perennials	C
Rose of Sharon	Hibiscus syriacus	Shrubs	B
Rosebay Rhododendron	Rhododendron maximum	Shrubs	C
Rosemary	Rosmarinus officinalis	Annuals	A
Royal Fern	Osmunda regalis	Ferns	A
Ruby Horsechestnut	Aesculus x carnea	Trees	B
Rue	Ruta sp.	Perennials	A
Rue Anemone	Anemonella thalictroides	Perennials	B
Rugosa Rose	Rosa rugosa	Shrubs	C
Russian Cypress	Microbiota decussata	Shrubs	A
Russian Olive	Elaeagnus angustifolia	Shrubs	A
Russian Sage	Perovskio atriplicifolia	Perennials	A
Salvia	Salvia	Annuals	B
Saucer Magnolia	Magnolia x soulangiana	Shrubs	B
Savin/Tam Juniper	Juniperus sabin cv.	Shrubs	B
Savory	Satureja montana	Perennials	B
Scotch Pine	Pinus sylvestris	Trees	B
Sea Buckthorn	Hippophae rhamnoides	Shrubs	B
Sea Thrift	Armeria maritima	Perennials	B
Sea-Holly	Eryngium sp.	Perennials	D
Sedge	Scirpus lacustris	Ornamental Grasses	B
Sensitive Fern	Onoclea sensibilis	Ferns	A
Serbian Spruce	Picea omorika	Trees	B
Shadbush	Amelanchier canadensis	Trees	B
Shasta Daisy	Chrysanthemum superbum	Perennials	C
Shasta Daisy	Leucanthemum maximum	Perennials	C
Shiso	Perilla frutescens	Annuals	B
Shore Juniper	Juniperus conferta	Shrubs	C
Showy Sedum	Sedum spectabile	Perennials	C
Siberian Bugloss	Bruneria macrophylla (Brunnera)	Perennials	A
Siberian Squill	Scilla siberica	Bulbs	A
Silver Maple	Acer saccharinum	Trees	C
Silver Mound	Artemisia sp.	Perennials	A
Singleseed Juniper (1)	Juniperus squamata cv.	Shrubs	B
Skunk Cabbage	Symplocarpos foetidus	Perennials	B
Small Globe Thistle	Echinops ritro	Perennials	A
Smokebush	Cotinus coggygria	Shrubs	B
Smooth Hydrangea	Hydrangea arborescens	Shrubs	C
Snakeroot, Bugbane	Cimcifuga sp.	Perennials	B
Snapdragon	Antirrhinum majus	Annuals	A
Sneezeweed	Helenium autumnale	Perennials	B
Snowberry	Symphoricarpos albus	Shrubs	B
Snowdrops	Galanthus nivalis	Bulbs	A
Snow-in-Summer	Cerastium	Perennials	B
Snow-on-the-Mountain	Euphorbia marginata	Annuals	A
Soapwort	Saponaria sp.	Perennials	B
Solomon's Seal	Polygonatum sp.	Perennials	C
Sourwood	Oxydendrum arboreum	Trees	B
Speedwell	Veronica sp.	Perennials	B
Spicebush	Lindera benzoin	Shrubs	B
Spider Flower	Cleome sp.	Annuals	A
Spiderwort	Tradescantia sp.	Perennials	B
Spotted Deadnettle	Lamium sp.	Groundcovers	A
Spurge	Euphorbia dulcis 'Chameleon'	Perennials	C
Spurge	Euphorbia sp. (except 'Chameleon')	Perennials	A
St. John's Wort	Hypericum calycinum	Perennials	B
St. John's Wort	Hypericum prolificum	Shrubs	B
Staghorn Sumac	Rhus typhina	Trees	C
Statice	Limonium latifolium	Perennials	A
Stocks	Matthiola sp.	Annuals	B
Stokes' Aster	Stokesia laevis	Perennials	B
Strawberry	Fragraria sp.	Perennials	D
Strawflower	Helichrysum	Annuals	A
Striped Maple	Acer pensylvanicum	Trees	B
Sugar Maple	Acer saccharum	Trees	B
Sundrops	Oenethera sp.	Perennials	C
Sunflower	Helianthus sp.	Annuals	C
Swamp Milkweed	Asclepias incarnata	Perennials	B
Sweet Alyssum	Lobularia maritima	Annuals	A
Sweet Box	Sarcoccoca hookeriana	Shrubs	A
Sweet Cherry	Prunus avium	Trees	C
Sweet Mock Orange	Philadelphus coronarius	Shrubs	B
Sweet Pepperbush	Clethra sp.	Shrubs	B
Sweet William	Dianthus barbatus	Biennials	B
Sweet Woodruff	Galium odoratum (Asperula odorata)	Groundcovers	A
Sweetgum	Liquidambar styraciflua	Trees	C
Switch Grass	Panicum virgatum	Ornamental Grasses	A
Tarragon	Artemisia dracunculus	Perennials	A
Threadleaf Coreopsis	Coreopsis verticillata	Perennials	A
Thyme	Thymus sp.	Perennials	A
Toad Lily	Tricyrtis hirta	Perennials	B
Trillium	Trillium sp.	Perennials	B
Trout Lily	Erythronium	Perennials	B
Trumpet Creeper	Campsis radicans	Vines	C
Tulip	Tulip sp.	Bulbs	D
Tulip Tree	Liriodendron tulipifera	Trees	B
Variegated Purple Moor Grass	Molinia caerulea 'Variegata'	Ornamental Grasses	A
Varigated Oat Grass	Arrhenatherum elatius	Ornamental Grasses	A
Verbena	Verbena x hybrida	Annuals	B
Violets	Viola sp.	Perennials	B
Virginia Bluebells	Mertensia virginica	Perennials	B
Virginia Creeper	Parthenocissus quinquifolia	Vines	C
Virginia Sweetspire	Itea virginica	Shrubs	B
Wallflower	Cheiranthus sp.	Annuals	B
Wax Begonia	Begonia semperflorens	Annuals	C
Weeping Love Grass	Eragrostus curvula	Ornamental Grasses	A
Weigela	Weigela florida	Shrubs	B
Western Arborvitae	Thuja plicata	Trees	C
White Boltonia	Boltonia asteroides	Perennials	B
White Fir	Abies concolor	Trees	C
White Fringe Tree	Chionanthus virginicus	Trees	C
White Oak	Quercus alba	Trees	C
White Snakeroot	Eupatorium rugosum	Perennials	B
White Spruce	Picea glauca	Trees	B
Wild Ginger	Asarum canadense	Perennials	A
Willowleaf Cotoneaster	Cotoneaster salicifolius	Shrubs	B
Willows (1)	Salix sp.	Trees	C
Winged Euonymus	Euonymus alata	Shrubs	C
Winter Aconite	Eranthus hyemalis	Bulbs	A
Winter Jasmine	Jasminum nudiflorum	Vines	B
Winterberry Holly	Ilex verticillata	Shrubs	B
Wintercreeper	Euonymus fortunei	Shrubs	D
Wintercreeper	Euonymus fortunei	Vines	D
Wintercreeper	Euonymus fortunei	Groundcovers	C
Wisteria	Wisteria floribunda	Vines	B
Wood Fern	Dryopteris marginalis	Ferns	A
Wood Sorrel	Oxalis sp.	Bulbs	B
Yarrow	Achillea filipendulina	Perennials	B
Yellow Birch	Betula lutea	Trees	B
Yellow Foxglove	Digitalis grandiflora	Perennials	B
Yellow Wax-Bells	Kirengeshoma palmata	Perennials	B
Yews	Taxus sp.	Shrubs	D
Youngstown Andorra Juniper	Juniperus horizontalis 'Youngstown'	Shrubs	B
Yucca	Yucca filimentosa	Perennials	A
Zinnia	Zinnia sp.	Annuals	B

Footnotes

1. Check other rating categories to find additional species or cultivars of this genus.

2. May eat buds.