There are multiple mechanisms that are responsible for the ability of omega-3s to fight cancer. They may reduce the production of enzymes that promote cancer cells from growing and increase the rate of cancer cell death by suppressing the formation of new blood vessels required for cancer cells to group.

Other research by Robert Chapkin, PhD and Joanne Lupton, PhD of Texas A & M University are investigating the mechanisms by which DHA (docosahexaenoic acid), the major omega-3 fatty acid in fish oil, alters colon cell function in mice and rats. A type of protein called Ras plays a critical role in tumor formation in the colon. For this protein to function and drive the cancer process, it needs to reach a specific destination within the cell. DHA interferes with the ability of the protein to get where it needs to go in the cell which may reduce colon cancer risk.

Getting enough Omega 3’s and getting a healthy balance with other fats in the diet is important. Omega 3s and 6s will compete metabolically for use of the same enzymes. When the enzymes are paired with omega 3’s they produce beneficial molecules that tend to be anti-inflammatory and promote cancer cell death. Omega 3s found in fatty fish like salmon, sardines, trout and herring produce these good effects. On the other hand, Omega-6s are found in lots of commercial snack foods, baked products and salad dressings and as long as they are eaten in a balanced proportion to omega-3’s a person is fine. Unfortunately, the ratio of omega 6s to omega 3s in the American diet ranges from 10:1 to 15:1. Such a high omega-6 to Omega-3 ratio is linked to numerous diseases including cancer, heart disease and even inflammatory conditions like arthritis. In healthy populations that consume traditional plant-based diets, the ratio ranges from 2:1 to 4: 1 (omega-6 to omega 3). AICR recommends eating two, 3-ounce servings of different types of fatty fish twice a week. Controversy over farmed or wild salmon persists, however, if a variety of fish sources are consumed the risk for PCB or other contamination levels are low. It is more important to eat fish than to avoid it as it is an excellent source of protein, good fats and has multiple benefits related to disease.